Nā ʻAno o nā Waʻa Hawaiʻi
ʻAʻole e like me nā waʻa o Tahiti, Sāmoa, a me Tonga, he nui ko lākou ʻano waʻa no nā pono hana like ʻole, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano waʻa i loaʻa i nā Hawaiʻi. ʻO ka nui o ka waʻa ka mea wale nō i hoʻokaʻawale i ka waʻa lawaiʻa kahakai mai ka waʻa holo moku ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kēia kūkākūkā nā Waʻa Hoʻokele Moana i hoʻolālā ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia no ka holo ʻana ma waena o Hawaiʻi a me nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe o ka Pākīpika i ka hema. Ua pau ka hoʻokele ʻana ma waena o Hawaiʻi a me nā mokupuni o ka hema ma kahi o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmākolu (1300).
Ma loko o ko lākou hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ua hoʻomohala nā Hawaiʻi i kekahi ʻano waʻa i kūikawā no nā kai o Hawaiʻi nei. ʻO kēia ke ʻano waʻa ā mākou e kūkākūkā nei i loko o kēia hōʻike.
Wa'a Kaukahi
Hoʻokahi Kino Waʻa, Hoʻokahi ʻAma
He waʻa hoʻokahi ka Waʻa Kaukahi me ka ʻiako a me ka ʻama e kū ana ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka waʻa nui. ʻO ia ke ʻano waʻa i loaʻa nui loa a i hoʻohana ʻia e ka poʻe Hawaiʻi kahiko. ʻAʻohe kumu moʻomeheu i ʻike ʻia no ke aha i kau mau ʻia ai ka ʻama ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka waʻa.
ʻO ka loa o ka hapanui o nā Waʻa Kaukahi ma waena o 12 a 30 kapuaʻi, a ua mālama ʻia nā waʻa lōʻihi loa no nā Aliʻi. ʻO ka helu o nā noho i loko o kēia mau waʻa hoʻokahi hull ma waena nō o 2 a 6.
Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Waʻa Kaukahi no ka lawaiʻa a me ka halihali ʻana, a ua lako pinepine ʻia me ka Peʻa (Holo).
Wa'a Kaulua
Waʻa Kaulua
ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano o ke kino waʻa ma waena o ka Waʻa Kaukahi a me ka Waʻa Kaulua. I nā manawa he nui, ua paʻa pū ʻia kekahi waʻa hoʻokahi kino me kekahi waʻa ʻē aʻe e hoʻokumu ai i ka waʻa kaulua.
Ua kākau nā mea ʻimi honua haole kahiko i ko lākou ʻike ʻana i nā waʻa kaulua he 60 kapuaʻi ka loa me nā kānaka ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli e holo ana ma luna. ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o nā waʻa kaulua ma waena o 30 a 70 kapuaʻi, akā ʻo ke kino waʻa lōʻihi loa i ana ʻia e kekahi mea ʻimi haole he 107 kapuaʻi.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā waʻa kaulua no ka halihali ukana nui, no nā huakaʻi mokupuni lōʻihi, a i ʻole no ka lawaiʻa mamao aku i ke kai. Ua hoʻohana pū ʻia hoʻi kēia ʻano waʻa ma ke ʻano he waʻa kaua no ka lawe pūʻali koa.
ʻEono ʻAno Hana Waʻa nāna i haʻi ʻia e David Kahoʻokele (1958)
E ʻāpono ʻia e kākau ʻia ma ʻaneʻi he unuhi piha a maikaʻi no kou hoʻohana ʻana me nā huaʻōlelo kūlohelohe Hawaiʻi e mālama ana i ke ʻano moʻomeheu o ka ʻatikala mua:
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻāpana like ʻia nā inoa o nā ʻano waʻa i helu ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ma nā mokupuni ʻokoʻa o Hawaiʻi. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia papa inoa e hōʻike ai i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoiai hoʻokahi wale nō ke ʻano kumu o ke kino waʻa Hawaiʻi kahiko, ua loaʻa nō naʻe kekahi mau loli i kēlā kumu e hāʻawi ai i nā ʻano hana kūikawā e kūpono ai no nā pono hana ʻokoʻa.
ʻO David K. Kahookele he kahu pule, hope pelekikena, a he lālā hoʻi o ke Kōmike Mele i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka Maui Historical Society a me Hale Hōʻikeʻike. I kēlā mau makahiki mua, kākau nā lālā i nā pepa e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala Hawaiʻi a hāʻawi i nā hōʻike ma nā hālāwai. No Nāʻhiku ka ʻohana Kahookele. Nāna ke makua kāne o Davida i kūkulu i ke kumu waʻa i hōʻike ʻia i ka hale waʻa no ke Kauka Jim Fleming. ʻO nā huaʻōlelo a pau ma ʻaneʻi, mai ka palapala kumu mai nō lākou.
Kakaka
Ua hana ʻia kēia waʻa no ka holo wikiwiki loa, ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kahua iʻa, no ka heihei, no ka lawe ʻelele ma waena o nā mokupuni, a no ka hiki aku i nā wahi paʻakikī ke komo. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ʻelua waʻa Kakaka e hana i waʻa kaulua, a hoʻohana ʻia kēia e nā aliʻi nui i ka wā kaua.
Loaʻa i ka Kakaka kekahi kīkoʻo kūlohelohe, e emi ana ma ke kua, a ʻelua hapahā ka nui aʻe ma mua o ka ihu. ʻO ke kua a me ka ihu he pālahalaha ma mua o ke kino nui. Ua ʻimi ʻia ka lāʻau koa no ka Kakaka ma ka nahele, ʻo ia hoʻi me kona kīkoʻo kūlohelohe. ʻO nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia he 8 a 10 kapuaʻi ka puni a 20 a 40 kapuaʻi ka loa. Ua paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia ʻano lāʻau, no laila i kekahi manawa, hana ʻia nā waʻa mai nā lāʻau pololei. Ua makemake ʻia ka lāʻau kīkoʻo no ka mea, hoʻēmi ia i ka hana lima nui o ka waʻa.
Kialoa
Ua kūpono kēia waʻa no ka lawaiʻa a me ka heihei i ka wā mālie ke kai. Ua maikaʻi hoʻi kona holo me ka peʻa no ka mea, kū kiʻekiʻe ia ma luna o ka wai. ʻAʻole maikaʻi i ka hoe ʻana i ka wā e kū ana i ka makani ikaika.
Hiki i ka Kialoa ke halihali poʻe hou aku ma mua o ka Kakaka. Hana ʻia nā waʻa kaulua no ka huakaʻi mokupuni. ʻO ka Kialoa he waʻa nui a lōʻihi loa; ʻoi aku ka hohonu o ke kino ma mua o ke kua, a holo ka hohonu like a hiki i ʻehā kapuaʻi mai ka ihu. Mai laila aku, piʻi aʻe ka kīkoʻo i luna. He waʻa maʻalahi kēia e hana ai. ʻO nā waʻa Kialoa nā waʻa lōʻihi loa ma waena o nā ʻano ʻeono i haʻi ʻia.
Pumaiʻa
ʻO Pumaiʻa kekahi o nā waʻa nui loa, akā ʻaʻole i lōʻihi e like me ka Kialoa. ʻO kēia waʻa he kiʻekiʻe mai ke kua a i ka ihu. Ua hana ʻia no ka lawe kanaka a me ka ukana, ʻaʻole no ka holo wikiwiki. ʻO Pumaiʻa he waʻa maikaʻi me ka peʻa, akā paʻakikī e hoe i ka wā e kū ana i ka makani ikaika.
Opuamoʻo
Ua like ke kino o kēia waʻa me ka moʻo—he poʻo lahilahi, he opu nui, a he hope lahilahi. Hana ʻia no ka heihei a me ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻā iʻa. ʻO ia he waʻa waena a koho ʻia e nā kahuna kalaiwaʻa no kona ʻano kū hoʻokahi. Kokoke i ka Kakaka ka Opuamoʻo, koe naʻe ʻo ka ʻaoʻao waena he nui aʻe, ʻo ke kua he pālahalaha, a ʻo ka ihu he pālahalaha hou aku.
Kupahoa
Ua hana ʻia ka waʻa Kupahoa mai kekahi lāʻau ʻekolu ʻaoʻao. He ʻano oval kona e like me ka hua moa. Hana ʻia ia mai ka lāʻau pololei a i ʻole ka lāʻau kīkoʻo, a ua kūkulu like me ka Kakaka. ʻO kēia ʻano waʻa he wikiwiki loa, a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hahai ʻana i ka ʻenemi a i ʻole ke holo ʻana i mua o lākou.
Ua like ka Kupahoa me ka Opuamoʻo i ka nui a me ka wikiwiki. Hiki i hoʻokahi kānaka ke hoʻokele i ka Kupahoa. Inā hana ʻia no hoʻokahi kanaka wale nō, he 14 kapuaʻi ka loa. No nā kānaka ʻelua a ʻekolu, pono he waʻa 18 a 20 kapuaʻi ka loa.
Koele
Ua kūkulu ʻia ka waʻa Koele no hoʻokahi kanaka wale nō, a hiki ke hoʻokele ʻia i nā manawa a pau me ka ʻole o ke kōkua. Hana ʻia like me ka Kakaka, akā he liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO ia ka waʻa maʻalahi e hoʻokele ai i ke kai nui a i ka wā e kū ana i ka makani. Maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau no kēia waʻa no ka mea, ʻaʻole pono e nui loa. ʻO ka Koele he waʻa maʻalahi e hana ai a paʻa nō hoʻi i ka hoe ʻana.
Would you like me to provide a bilingual version (Hawaiian + English side-by-side) formatted for use in an educational presentation or exhibit panel? That could help students compare and study both languages easily.
No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ke Kumu Hana Waʻa Hawaiʻi, kaomi ma ʻaneʻi e ʻike i kahi hōʻike kikoʻī aʻe i haku ʻia e Tommy Holmes ma kāna puke “The Hawaiian Canoe.” Eia naʻe, aia ia ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekānia wale nō.