Hoe:
Ua like ʻole iki nā ʻano o ka hoe Hawaiʻi, akā aia nō lākou i loko o kekahi ākea o ke ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻau o ka hoe he oval a he pololei hoʻi, a ʻo ka lau, he oval nō hoʻi. E like me ka waʻa, ʻaʻole i hoʻonaninani ʻia ka hoe Hawaiʻi.
He mea maʻamau i nā mea nona nā hoe ke kapa i kā lākou hoe i kekahi inoa, ʻoi loa aku nō nā hoe hoʻokele. ʻO nā hoe hoʻokele he nui aʻe i ka nui ma mua o nā hoe e hoe ai i kēlā me kēia lā. He hōʻailona hoʻi ka hoe o ka mana a me ke alakaʻi.
Ua wehewehe ʻia ka hoe kuʻuna Hawaiʻi he ʻoi aku ka oval o kona ʻano ma mua o nā hoe o nā mokupuni hema, he lau ākea aʻe kona, a ʻaʻole hoʻi ona mea hoʻonaninani.
I hoʻohana ʻia nā hoe i hana ʻia mai ka lāʻau Kāwāʻu, Hau, a me ʻUlu, akā ʻo ka lāʻau Koa ka mea i makemake nui ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā hoe. Ma waena o nā ʻano ʻekolu o ka mānoanoa o ka Koa, ʻo ka ʻano Laumaiʻa ka mea i makemake nui ʻia. ʻAʻole paʻa nui ka Laumaiʻa, he māmā aʻe kona kaumaha a he ʻāhiehie hoʻi kona waihoʻoluʻu ma mua o ka ʻano Laukani. ʻO ka ʻekolu o nā ʻano, ʻo ka ʻIʻo ʻŌhiʻa, ʻaʻole loa i hoʻohana ʻia no kona ʻano wiliwili a me kona kaumaha. He ʻeleʻele loa hoʻi kona waihoʻoluʻu.
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Ua liʻiliʻi wale nō ka loli ʻana o nā hoe Hawaiʻi mai ka wā o ka pili ʻana mua me nā haole a hiki i nā makahiki hope o 1940. Eia naʻe, i ka piʻi ʻana o nā hoʻokūkū waʻa peʻa hoʻokahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, ua hoʻomaka nā mea hoe e hoʻāʻo i nā ʻano a me nā ana hou. Ua emi nui ʻia ka ʻili o nā lau hoe a me ke kaumaha holoʻokoʻa o ka hoe. Ua loli nā ʻano o ka lau mai ke ʻano kahiko ʻoval—me ka ʻāpana ākea loa ma waena a me ke kumu kīloi—i nā ʻano e like me ka hua peʻa a i ʻole ka hua moa.
A hiki i ka makahiki 1950, ua hoʻomāhuahua ʻia nā mea hoʻopili ʻoihana (industrial adhesives), a ua hiki ke hana i nā hoe hui ʻelua a ʻekolu ʻāpana. ʻAʻole pono hou nā mea hana hoe e ʻoki mai i hoʻokahi ʻāpana lāʻau nui wale nō e hana ai i ka hoe hoʻokahi ʻāpana.
I waena o nā makahiki 1950, no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka koi nui e hana i nā hoe liʻiliʻi a māmā no nā wāhine a me nā poʻe ʻōpio, ua hoʻokomo nā mea hoʻolālā i ke ʻano lau ʻoi aku ka pōkole, ka elliptical a me ka palena like, me kona ʻāpana ākea loa ma waena. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili o ka lau a me ke kaumaha o kēia mau hoe ma mua o nā ʻano kahiko.
No kahi iwakālua makahiki paha, ua manaʻo ʻia nā hoe elliptical a i ʻole ka ʻokoʻa iki hua moa a hua peʻa ke ʻano “Hawaiian” maʻamau.
I ka makahiki 1975, ua hoʻomaka ke ʻano hoe Tahitian i hana ʻia me ke ʻano hua wai maka e pani i nā hoe Hawaiʻi o nā makahiki 1950 a hiki i nā makahiki mua o 1970. A laila, i ka makahiki 1978, ua hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi hui ma Kaleponi i kapa ʻia Blazing Paddles kekahi ʻano hoe hou, i hāhai nui i nā hoʻolālā i holomua loa i nā hoʻokūkū waʻa Olympic.
Ua loaʻa i kēia mau hoe hou he ʻau i kū pololei iki i ke alo o ka lau, a ʻo kona poʻo he ʻano T. ʻO ka lau iho he ʻano hua peʻa iki, akā he ʻoi loa ka lahilahi ma mua o nā lau hoe Hawaiʻi a me ka hapanui o nā lau hoe Tahiti.
Hoeana:
I nānā ʻia e nā kānaka ʻimi ʻāina ʻEulopa kahiko he nui nā waʻa i piha i nā peʻa, akā ʻo ka hoe ʻana ka mea i ʻoi loa ka makemake ʻia e mea e neʻe ai ka waʻa.
He nui nā ʻano o ke hoe ʻana, a ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano e kūlike me ke kūlana o ke kai a puni, a me ka nui o nā mea hoe i loko o ka waʻa. ʻO ka nui aʻe o nā mea hoe i loko o ka waʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua kokoke aku nā noho i kekahi i kekahi, a emi iho ka lōʻihi o ka kuʻikuʻi.
Ua wehewehe nā mea ʻimi ʻāina kahiko i ka wikiwiki o ke kuʻikuʻi ʻana ma waena o ʻumikūmālima a me kanakolu kuʻikuʻi i kēlā me kēia minuke.
Ua wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano hoe maʻamau he lōʻihi iki ke kau ʻana i mua me ka huli iki ʻana o ke kino. I ka komo ʻana o ka lau i loko o ka wai, ua kau nui ʻia ka ikaika o ke huki ʻana ma hope koke iho o kekahi mau ʻīniha mua o ka huki. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana he lōʻihi, a huki loa i hope o ka mea hoe.
Ua loli ke ʻano hoe ʻana i nā makahiki hope o 1980, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai nā hui waʻa e hoʻohana i ke ʻano kuʻikuʻi wikiwiki a pōkole hoʻi a ka poʻe Tahitian. Ua hoʻololi hou ʻia i nā makahiki 1990, i ka wā i lilo ai ka hoʻokūkū waʻa peʻa hoʻokahi i mea kaulana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, a lanakila kekahi hui waʻa mai Kaleponi i ka hoʻokūkū ma ke Alaula o Molokaʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hoe ʻana o nā waʻa Olympic.
He pōkole a he wikiwiki hoʻi kēia ʻano hoe ma mua o kā nā Tahitian, me ka helu kuʻikuʻi ma luna o 60 kuʻikuʻi i kēlā me kēia minuke.
ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo John D. Kaupiko, he kua hoe akamai loa, a kekahi o ka poʻe i hoʻōla hou i ke ʻano hoe waʻa o kēia au, ua ʻike ʻo ia a aʻo aku hoʻi i kekahi mau ʻano hoe like ʻole, me ko lākou inoa Hawaiʻi.
(Mai ka puke The Hawaiian Canoe na T. Holmes)
ʻAno Hoe Kuʻuna
Wikiō Mai Nā Makahiki 1960
Kahi Malie – he kuʻikuʻi lōʻihi, mālie.
He kuʻikuʻi lōʻihi me ka kahe mālie. ʻAʻole loa ka lōʻihi o ke kau ʻana i mua, he huli iki o ke kino, a i ka hopena o ka huki ʻana, ua piʻi mai ka lima luna o ka hoe i ka waena o ke umauma. ʻO ka hoʻi ʻana he maluhiluhi ʻole, he mālie. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mana ma hope koke iho o kekahi mau ʻīniha mua o ka huki ʻana, akā he māmā a ʻāwīwī ka ikaika.
Maʻokiʻoki – he kuʻikuʻi pōkole, ʻokiʻoki.
He kuʻikuʻi pōkole a wikiwiki, ke kau ʻana i mua kokoke i nā kuli. ʻO ke huki ʻana he wikiwiki me ka huli iki o ke kino, a he hoʻopau pōkole wale nō i hope iho o ka noho. ʻO ka hoʻi ʻana he ʻāwīwī, a hoʻokomo koke ʻia ka mana ma ka komo ʻana iho i ka wai. He ikaika ka huki ʻana, a hoʻokomo koke ʻia ke kaha o ka mana ma hope liʻiliʻi o ka komo ʻana.
ʻŌpelu – he kuʻikuʻi lōʻihi, ikaika.
He kuʻikuʻi lōʻihi loa me ka lōʻihi o ke kau ʻana i mua a me ka huli nui o ke kino. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lima luna e pana ikaika i mua, i ka wā e huki ikaika ai ka lima lalo. He huli nui o ke kino a me ka peʻahi i hope o ka wāwae mua i ka wā e huki ai i ka hoe. I ka hopena, iho ka lima luna a hiki i ka opu, a ʻo ka hoʻi ʻana he wikiwiki akā he lōʻihi. Hoʻomāhuahua ʻia ka mana ma hope o kekahi mau ʻīniha mua o ka huki ʻana, a piʻi mālie ke ikaika a hiki i ka kaha nui loa ma waena o ke kuli a me ka hope o ka noho.